¶ ScaleX 2019 took place in co-location with CosmicSense (DFG),
MOSES (HfG) and
SUSALPS (BMBF) near the Fendt observatory.
The participants included U Hohenheim with their highly anticipated temperature-humidity lidar.
¶ Workshops:
The most recent ScaleX Workshop took place on 29—30 Mar 2017 at KIT IMK/IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen.
A ScaleX Workshop on UAVs took place on 8—9 Dec 2016, at U Augsburg/ISSE.
¶ Contributions:
2017 TERENO Workshop ⇩PDF,
EGU General Assembly 2017,
97th AMS Annual Meeting,
AGU Fall Meeting 2016 & 2017,
Fach- und Fortbildungstagung für Meteorologie DACH 2016, and the
SPIE Conference 2016. Search meeting programmes for “ScaleX”.
¶ Other:
TERENO Newsletter 2017
⇩PDF,
Purdue University,
Max Plank Institute BGC-Jena,
and local media.
A scale expansion is achieved by linking observations of surface fluxes and surface properties
to remotely sensed and airborne observations of atmospheric properties, as well as to process models
up to the meso-scale. Topics were identified for each campaign and organised as voluntary Work Packages (WPs).
The campaign around TERENO observatory Fendt involved a co-location of
MOSES (HfG),
CosmicSense (DFG) and
SUSALPS (BMBF),
together with ScaleX partners.
Research themes included:
- WP1: The evolution of (soil) moisture patterns
- WP2: The spectral response of managed vegetation
- WP3: Feedback mechanisms between the land surface and the atmosphere
- WP4: Quantification of surface exchange flux components
The evolution of (soil) moisture patterns
A major hydrometeorological event set the start conditions; wet soil, overland flow and lush vegetation.
A mobile laboratory for analysis of soil and water, sampled based on information from a dense network of soil sensors (MOSES/UFZ).
A network of Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensors was set up to observe water going through the catchment (MOSES/CosmicSense).
Roving Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensors observe soil water variability throughout the catchment (MOSES/CosmicSense/UFZ/FZ Jülich).
The spectral response of managed vegetation
Systems with different sensitivities were used to observe the spectral response and spatial heterogeneity of the surface (MOSES/GFZ/KIT).
Precision airborne surveys help identify spatial patterns related to topography and land use (MOSES/FZ Jülich).
In situ analysis of photosynthetic activity allows monitoring of canopy traits, plant health and ecosystem services (MOSES/KIT).
Feedback mechanisms between the land surface and the atmosphere
The ACROSS Water-vapour/Temperature lidar reveals energy distribution patterns in the atmopshere at very high resolution (U Hohenheim).
Transport in the atmosphere is closely linked to turbulent motion, which was observed using complementary systems (MOSES/FZ Jülich/U Hohenheim/DWD/KIT).
Variability in trace gas abundances in the atmosphere - measured by FTIR systems - can be correlated to emmissions at the surface (MOSES/KIT).
Quantification of surface exchange flux components
Analysis of the stable isotopic signal of carbon dioxide and water, helps understand complex biogeochemical processes (MOSES/FZ Jülich).
Validation of the interoperability of mobile observation systems for quantification of exchange between surface and atmosphere (MOSES/FZ Jülich/KIT).
Chamber based surveys help access spatial heterogeneity in surface fluxes between land use types (MOSES/UFZ).
- WP1: The impact of complex terrain on biosphere—atmosphere exchange processes
- WP2: The nocturnal boundary layer: vertical transport, trace gas distribution and budget
- WP3: Patterns of precipitation and soil moisture from site to regional scale
- WP4: Regional water and energy budgets and balances analysis by modeling and observation in the catchments of Rott and Ammer
- WP5: Distributed modeling of biosphere—atmosphere GHG exchange
The campaign at TERENO observatory Fendt involved collaborators and (inter-)national partners from academia and industry.
The impact of complex terrain on biosphere—atmosphere exchange processes
A key part of the observatory; micrometeorological observation of atmospheric exchange (TERENO/ICOS).
Ground-based remote sensing; observation of motion in the atmospheric boundary layer.
Collaborative study on source-sink relationships, advection, weak-turbulent motion (U Innsbruck/KIT).
High-resolution temperature (DTS) and wind field observations for model development.
Cross-comparison; different sensing techniques as well as multiple sensor models (GWU Group/KIT).
Spatial patterns in environmental conditions were surveyed by ECOBOT (U Innsbruck).
The nocturnal boundary layer: vertical transport, trace gas distribution and budget
Collaborative study on UAV-based observation of GHG exchange (U Purdue/MPI-BGC).
Observation of wind and temperature profiles in the atmospheric boundary-layer.
Methane concentration surveys in space and time help access emission sources (Princeton/KIT).
Patterns of precipitation and soil moisture from site to regional scale
WP4: Regional water and energy budgets and balances analysis by modeling and observation in the catchments of Rott and Ammer
Extended range UAV soundings fill a gap for validation of mesoscale models.
Development of remote sensing by lidar; temperature, aerosole and water content (ATMONSYS).
Autonomous multi-platform sensor deployment for investigation of vertical and horizontal temperature profiles.
Distributed modeling of biosphere—atmosphere GHG exchange
Spatial observation of GHGs and isotopic tracer signals intended to link fluxes to processes.
Inter-comparison of different techniques and systems for observation of GHG exchange.
Continuous observation of GHG exchange and isotopic signals using automated chambers.
- WP1: Effects of mesoscale circulations on biosphere—atmosphere exchange processes
- WP2: Trace gas budgets in the nocturnal boundary layer for mesoscale model evaluation
- WP3: Patterns of precipitation and soil moisture from site to regional scale
- WP4: Capability of digital/hyperspectral imagery to scale canopy traits of ecosystem function
- WP5: Closure of atmospheric water and energy cycles
- WP6: Distributed modeling of energy, water, carbon and nutrient cycles from local to regional scales
The campaign at TERENO observatory Fendt involved partner institutes and KIT researchers.
The impact of complex terrain on biosphere—atmosphere exchange processes
Development of tripple Doppler-lidar routines for remote sensing of wind fields up to 1 km.
Observation of wind field and air temperature patterns across the valley floor.
Farm methane flux estimation, using open-path sensors and a BLS model approach (WindTrax).
Trace gas budgets in the nocturnal boundary layer for mesoscale model evaluation
Methane concentration profiles, extended in height using UAVs.
Methane concentrations near the surface at two locations.
Patterns of precipitation and soil moisture from site to regional scale
Capability of digital/hyperspectral imagery to scale canopy traits of ecosystem function
Weekly sampling of canopy traits at the pre-alpine observatories.
Determination of plant species and plant functional groups.
Plant biomass, area and height; compared to EC-based fluxes.
Closure of atmospheric water and energy cycles
Distributed modeling of energy, water, carbon and nutrient cycles from local to regional scales
Partners
More than 90 researchers, from 25 groups in research and industry, teamed up for ScaleX.
| |
2019 | |
2016 | |
2015 |
| Name |
Affiliation |
|
WP1 |
WP2 |
WP3 |
WP4 |
|
WP1 |
WP2 |
WP3 |
WP4 |
WP5 |
|
WP1 |
WP2 |
WP3 |
WP4 |
WP5 |
WP6 |
| Adelwart, Martin |
DWD |
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◆ |
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| Adler, Bianca |
KIT IMK-TRO |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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| Angerer, Andreas |
U Augsburg |
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◆ |
◆ |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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| Baessler, Cornelia |
UFZ |
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◆ |
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| Beck, Christoph |
U Augsburg |
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◆ |
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| Behrends, Andreas |
U Hohenheim |
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◈ |
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| Bogena, Heye |
FZ Jülich |
|
◆MC |
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| Brenner, Claire |
BOKU Wien |
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◆ |
◆ |
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◆ |
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| Brosy, Caroline |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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| Bruggemann, Nichiolas |
FZ Jülich |
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◈M |
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| Brugger, Peter |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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| Calvo, Sofia |
U Alberta |
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◆ |
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| Chabrillat, Sabine |
GFZ |
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◆M |
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| Chen, Zeh |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◆ |
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| Chwala, Christian |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◈ |
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◈ |
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| Dannenmann, Michael |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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| De Roo, Frederik |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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| Emeis, Stefan |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◈ |
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◆ |
◆ |
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| Fatichi, Simone |
ETH Zurich |
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◆ |
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| Fersch, Benjamin |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◈MC |
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◈ |
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| Flatt, Evan |
U Purdue |
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◆ |
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| Frey, Matthias |
KIT IMK-ASF |
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◆M |
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| Gasche, Rainer |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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| Gast, Andreas |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◆M |
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| Golston, Levi |
U Princeton |
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◆ |
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| Grant, Richard |
U Purdue |
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◆ |
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| Grote, Ruediger |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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| Haas, Edwin |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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| Hagen, Martin |
DLR |
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◆ |
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| Hald, Cornelius |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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| Hase, Frank |
KIT IMK-ASF |
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◆M |
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| Henne, Stephan |
EMPA |
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◆ |
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| Ibraim, Erkan |
EMPA |
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◆ |
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| Junkermann, Wolfgang |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◆ |
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◆ |
◆ |
| Kalthoff, Norbert |
KIT IMK-TRO |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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| Kerschke, Dorit |
GFZ |
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◈M |
◈M |
◈M |
◈M |
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| Kiese, Ralf |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◆S |
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| Kirtzel, Hans-Juergen |
METEK |
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◆ |
◆ |
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| Klatt, Janina |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◆ |
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| Kosak, Oliver |
U Augsburg |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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| Koschorreck, Matthias |
UFZ |
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◆M |
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| Krampf, Karina |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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| Kratzert, Frederik |
BOKU Wien |
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| Kraus, David |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◆ |
| Krieg, Ronald |
UFZ |
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◆M |
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◆ |
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| Kubistin, Dagmar |
DWD |
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◆ |
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| Kunstmann, Harald |
KIT IMK-IFU |
|
◈MC |
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◆ |
◆ |
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◆ |
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◆ |
◆ |
| Kunz, Martin |
MPI-BGC Jena |
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◆ |
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| Laemmel, Thomas |
U Freiburg |
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◆ |
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| Lange, Diego |
U Hohenheim |
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◆ |
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| Lavric, Jost |
MPI-BGC Jena |
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◆ |
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| Lehmann, Volker |
DWD |
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◆ |
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| Lewicka-Szczebak, Dominika |
Thuenen Institut |
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◆ |
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| Malchow, Carsten |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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| Marius, Schmidt |
FZ Jülich |
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◆M |
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| Marzahn, Philip |
LMU |
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◆ |
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| Mattis, Ina |
DWD |
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| Mauder, Matthias |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◈ |
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| Milewski, Robert |
GFZ |
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◆M |
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| Mohn, Joachim |
EMPA |
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| Mohr, Manuel |
U Freiburg |
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◆ |
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| Mollenhauer, Hannes |
UFZ |
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◆MC |
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| Montzka, Carsten |
FZ Jülich |
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◆M |
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| Muenkel, Christoph |
Vaisala |
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| Neidl, Frank |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◈M |
◈M |
◈M |
◈M |
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| Obleitner, Friedrich |
U Innsbruck |
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◆ |
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| Oswald, Sascha |
U Potsdam |
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◈C |
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| Perfahl, Matthias |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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| Petersen, Erik |
U Augsburg |
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| Philipp, Andreas |
U Augsburg |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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| Priesack, Eckart |
HZ Muenchen |
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◆ |
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| Reineke, Svenja |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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| Rothfuss, Youri |
FZ Jülich |
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◆M |
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| Ruehr, Nadine |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◆M |
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| Schaefer, Klaus |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◈ |
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◈ |
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| Schindler, Drik |
U Freiburg |
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◆ |
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| Schloter, Michael |
HZ Muenchen |
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◆M |
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| Schmid, HaPe |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◈M |
◈M |
◈M |
◈M |
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◈ |
◈ |
◈ |
◈ |
◈ |
◈ |
| Scholz, Katharina |
U Innsbruck |
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◆ |
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| Schrön, Martin |
UFZ |
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◈MC |
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◆ |
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◆ |
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| Schucknecht, Anne |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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◈S |
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| Schumacher, Marcus |
DWD |
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◆ |
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| Schütze, Claudia |
UFZ |
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◈M |
◈M |
◈M |
◈M |
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| Senatore, Alfonso |
U Calabrien |
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| Shupe, Heather |
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| Späth, Florian |
U Hohenheim |
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| Sussmann, Ralf |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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| Thomas, Werner |
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| Voelksch, Ingo |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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| Vogelmann, Hannes |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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| Wagner, Ludwig |
GWU group |
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| Wanninger, Constantin |
U Augsburg |
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| Weber, Ute |
U Bonn |
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| Wohlfahrt, Georg |
U Innsbruck |
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| Wolf, Benjamin |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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| Wulfmeyer, Volker |
U Hohenheim |
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| Zacharias, Steffen |
UFZ |
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| Zeeman, Matthias |
KIT IMK-IFU |
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| Zhao, Peng |
U Innsbruck |
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| Zondlo, Mark |
U Princeton |
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◆ = Participant; ◈ = Coordinator & participant; M = MOSES; C = CosmicSense; S = SUSALPS |
Data Catalog
Most observation data are available directly from the participants. Only some data have been published with Open Access.
| Description |
Measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange using clear ecosystem chambers |
| Keywords |
chamber, NEE, CO2 |
| Url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2018.08.022
|
| Contact |
Georg Wohlfahrt |
| Institution |
Universität Innsbruck (UIBK) |
| Site name |
DE-Fen |
| Description |
Horizontal and vertical CO2 gradients, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed for calculation of horizontal and vertical advection |
| Keywords |
advection, CO2 |
| Contact |
Georg Wohlfahrt |
| Institution |
Universität Innsbruck (UIBK) |
| Site name |
DE-Fen |
| Description |
Atmospheric–hydrological data |
| Url |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3406969
|
| Contact |
Benjaain Fersch |
| Institution |
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT/IMK-IFU) |
| Time range |
Jun 01 2016 to Oct 31 2016 |
| Site name |
DE-Fen |
| Description |
Meteorology, environment and surface flux data for grassland sites in TERENO preAlpin, Germany |
| Keywords |
eddy covariance; NEE; meteorology; auxillary; TERENO |
| Url |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4267810
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https://gitlab.imk-ifu.kit.edu/scalex/ecmet/
|
| Contact |
Matthias Zeeman |
| Institution |
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT/IMK-IFU) |
| Time range |
Jan 01 2012 to Jun 30 2019 |
| Site name |
DE-Fen; DE-RbW; DE-Gwg |
Publications
Refereed Journal Articles
Attribution of N₂O sources in a grassland soil with laser spectroscopy based isotopocule analysis
Erkan Ibraim, Benjamin Wolf, Eliza Harris, Rainer Gasche, Jing Wei, Longfei Yu, Ralf Kiese, Sarah Eggleston, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Matthias Zeeman, Béla Tuzson, Lukas Emmenegger, Johan Six, Stephan Henne, and Joachim Mohn,
Biogeosciences, 16(16):3247-3266 (2019)
The TERENO Pre-Alpine Observatory: Integrating Meteorological, Hydrological, and Biogeochemical Measurements and Modeling
R. Kiese, B. Fersch, C. Baessler, C. Brosy, K. Butterbach-Bahl, C. Chwala, M. Dannenmann, J. Fu, R. Gasche, R. Grote, C. Jahn, J. Klatt, H. Kunstmann, M. Mauder, T. Rödiger, G. Smiatek, M. Soltani, R. Steinbrecher, I. Völksch, J. Werhahn, B. Wolf, M. Zeeman, and H.P. Schmid,
Vadose Zone Journal, 17(1):0 (2018)
The SCALEX Campaign: Scale-Crossing Land Surface and Boundary Layer Processes in the TERENO-preAlpine Observatory
B. Wolf, C. Chwala, B. Fersch, J. Garvelmann, W. Junkermann, M. J. Zeeman, A. Angerer, B. Adler, C. Beck, C. Brosy, P. Brugger, S. Emeis, M. Dannenmann, F. De Roo, E. Diaz-Pines, E. Haas, M. Hagen, I. Hajnsek, J. Jacobeit, T. Jagdhuber, N. Kalthoff, R. Kiese, H. Kunstmann, O. Kosak, R. Krieg, C. Malchow, M. Mauder, R. Merz, C. Notarnicola, A. Philipp, W. Reif, S. Reineke, T. Rödiger, N. Ruehr, K. Schäfer, M. Schrön, A. Senatore, H. Shupe, I. Völksch, C. Wanninger, S. Zacharias, and H. P. Schmid,
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 98(6):1217-1234 (2017)
Lightweight mid-infrared methane sensor for unmanned aerial systems
Levi M. Golston, Lei Tao, Caroline Brosy, Klaus Schäfer, Benjamin Wolf, James McSpiritt, Bernhard Buchholz, Dana R. Caulton, Da Pan, Mark A. Zondlo, David Yoel, Harald Kunstmann, and Marty McGregor,
Applied Physics B, 123(6) (2017)
Theses
Is the soil moisture - precipitation feedback enhanced above dry soils? A case study of Southern Germany during the ScaleX Campaign
Maximilian Graf,
University of Augsburg, Masters's Thesis. Advisory by Prof. Dr. Harald Kunstmann and Dr. Joel Arnault. (2018)
Hexacopter-based Three-dimensional Measurements of Hydrometeorological Variables and Methane
Caroline Brosy,
University of Augsburg, Doctor's Thesis. Advisory by Prof. Dr. Harald Kunstmann, Prof. Dr. Klaus Schäfer, Dr. Wolfgang Junkermann and Prof. Dr. Stefan Emeis (2017)
Räumlich hochaufgelöste Niederschlagsmessung und hydrologische Modellierung: Performanzanalyse im Rahmen der ScaleX Messkampagne
Ulla Schlenk,
University of Augsburg, Masters's Thesis. Advisory by Prof. Dr. Harald Kunstmann, Dr. Christian Chwala and Dr. Benjamin Fersch. (2017)
Windmessungen mit unbemannten Flugobjekten anhand von Daten der internen Lageregelung am Beispiel eines Hexacopters - Machbarkeitsstudie und Untersuchungen der atmosphärischen Grenzschicht
Karina Krampf,
Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Masters's Thesis. Advisory by Dr. Wolfgang Junkermann. (2017)
The ScaleX precipitation variability campaign: setup and joint analysis of rain gauge and radar data
Svenja Reineke,
University of Augsburg, Masters's Thesis. Advisory by Prof. Dr. Kunstmann and Dr. Christian Chwala (2016)
Räumlich verteilte Temperaturmessungen in der Mikrometeorologie
Kevin Wolz,
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Bachelors's Thesis. Advisory by Dr. Matthias Mauder and Dr. Matthias Zeeman. (2016)
Quantifizierung der Methan-Emissionen eines landwirtschaftlichen Betriebes mittels inverser Modellierung
Stefanie Breunig,
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Bachelors's Thesis. Advisory by Dr. Matthias Mauder and Dr. Matthias Zeeman. (2016)
Comparing Aboveground Vegetation Parameters, Productivity, and Eddy Covariance Observations at Three Subalpine Grasslands
Heather A. Shupe,
Technical University of Munich, Masters's Thesis. Advisory by Prof. Dr. Michael Leuchner, Dr. Nadine Ruehr and Dr. Matthias Zeeman. (2016)
Abschätzung des Horizontalwindes der planetaren Grenzschicht durch Sondierung mit unbemannten Luftfahrtsystemen.
Erik Petersen,
University of Augsburg, Masters's Thesis. Advisory by PD. Dr. Andreas Philipp (2016)
Conference Proceedings
Disentangling N2O emitting source processes with field-scale online measurements of the four most abundant N2O isotopocules
Erkan Ibraim, Tobias Denk, Longfei Yu, Stephan Henne, Eliza Harris, Matti Barthel, Béla Tuzson, Lukas Emmenegger, Johan Six, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Ralf Kiese, Benjamin Wolf, and Joachim Mohn,
in Geophysical Research Abstracts. (2018)
Distributed sounding of the boundary layer using multiple unmanned aerial systems during the ScaleX campaign 2016
Andreas Philipp, Erik Petersen, Alexander Groos, Pia Ferenci, Stefan Engerer, Benedikt Fiedler, Stefan Emeis, Klaus Schäfer, Caroline Brosy, Matthias Zeeman, and Jucundus Jacobeit,
in Geophysical Research Abstracts. (2017)
Multi-Scale Observation and Modelling of Energy and Matter Exchange in the Atmospheric Boundary-Layer (ScaleX Campaigns)
Kevin Wolz, Bianca Adler, Claire Brenner, Frederik De Roo, Stefan Emeis, Norbert Kalthoff, Matthias Mauder, Klaus Schäfer, Georg Wohlfahrt, Peng Zhao, and Matthias J Zeeman,
in AGU Fall Meeting. (2016)
Boundary layer dynamics in a small shallow valley near the Alps (ScaleX campaign)
M. J. Zeeman, B. Adler, T. Banerjee, P. Brugger, F. De Roo, S. Emeis, M. Mauder, K. Schaefer, H. P. Schmid, and B. Wolf,
in Kurzfassungen der Meteorologentagung DACH. (2016)
Inquiries about ScaleX can be sent to the coordinator, currently
Matthias Zeeman
of KIT IMK-IFU.
About
The ScaleX campaigns in the TERENO—preAlpine observatory were designed to address an overarching research question:
How well can our observations constrain modeling uncertainties of biogeochemical cycles,
and close the balances of energy and matter flows?
The TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) network is a large-scale integrative observation program designed to determine the
long-term ecological and climatic impact of global environmental change at regional scales.
The TERENO—preAlpine observatory in mountainous terrain of Bavaria, Germany, includes three core grassland sites
at different elevations (600, 750 and 860 m a.s.l), at which surface exchange fluxes are observed by
eddy-covariance, lysimeters and chamber system clusters. The site arrangement represents a climatic gradient.
Specific to the Fendt site is the addition of a hydro-meteorological observation network.
ScaleX was initiated by KIT IMK-IFU under
direction of HaPe Schmid. Benjamin Wolf coordinated ScaleX until Feb 2016.